The city of New Delhi is located within the. New Delhi ( ( )) is the capital of and one of city's 11. Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi, these are two distinct entities, with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi. The is a much larger entity comprising the entire National Capital Territory of Delhi along with adjoining districts. It is surrounded by Haryana on three sides and Uttar Pradesh on the east.

The foundation stone of the city was laid by during the. It was designed by British architects, and.

The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931,. New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a under Prime Minister of India 's flagship. The Delhi Durbar of 1911, with King George V and Queen Mary seated upon the dais. (now ) was the capital of India during the until December 1911. Had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of and the, most notably of the from 1649 to 1857.

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During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi in the centre of northern India. The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the. On 12 December 1911, during the,, then, along with, his, made the announcement that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from to, while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in the,. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by and at the site of at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit.

Large parts of New Delhi were planned by, who first visited Delhi in 1912, and, both leading 20th-century British architects. The contract was given to. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the, but this was given up because of the Delhi-Calcutta trunk line that passed through the fort. Construction really began after and was completed by 1931.

The city that was later dubbed ' was inaugurated in ceremonies beginning on 10 February 1931 by, the. Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's.

The 1931 series celebrated the inauguration of New Delhi as the seat of government. The one stamp shows with the 'Secretariat Building' and Dominion Columns.

Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with as chairman and John A. Brodie and as members, submitted reports for both North and South sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the at one end with at the other. During the project's early years, many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the South site.

A site atop the, formerly Raisina Village, a village, was chosen for the, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the citadel, which was also considered the site of, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of of 1911–1912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of. The, also known as King's Way, stretched from the to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and houses ministries of the Government of India, and the, both designed by Baker, are located at the and run parallel to the Rajpath. In the south, land up to was acquired to create what is today known as. Before construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line around the Council House (now ), called the Imperial Delhi Railway, was built to transport construction material and workers for the next twenty years.

The last stumbling block was the -Delhi railway line that cut right through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial () and Kingsway (), which was a problem because the served the entire city at that time. The line was shifted to run along the, and it began operating in 1924. The opened in 1926 with a single platform at near and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931. Red Devil Groove Box Keygen Photoshop.

As construction of the Viceroy's House (the present Rashtrapati Bhavan),,, and All-India War Memorial () was winding down, the building of a shopping district and a new plaza,, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. Named after, 1st (1850–1942), it was designed by, chief architect to the (PWD). After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in (the building now houses the ), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the and. Subsequently, housing for them was developed around area in the 1920s. Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, near historic, was the last residential areas built by the.

Post-independence [ ]. The home of the President of India. After India gained in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the.

In 1956, Delhi was converted into a and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi. A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993. The first major extension of New Delhi outside of came in the 1950s when the (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around a wide central vista,. Geography [ ] With a total area of 42.7 km 2 (16.5 sq mi), New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area. Since the city is located on the, there is little difference in elevation across the city.

New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the; all that is left of those mountains is the, which is also called the Lungs of Delhi. While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the, it is essentially a landlocked city.

East of the river is the urban area of. New Delhi falls under the, making it vulnerable to earthquakes. Seismology [ ] New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013. See also: The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced ( Cwa) bordering a ( BSh) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a period, and.

Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F).

New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 48.4 °C (119.1 °F) on June 28, 1883 while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −2.2 °C (28.0 °F) on January 11, 1967, both of which are recorded at Indira Gandhi International Airport (formerly known as ). The average annual rainfall is 714 millimetres (28.1 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.

In an attempt to curb air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worse during the winter, a temporary scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered license plates system was announced by government in December 2015. In addition, trucks were to be allowed to enter India's capital only after 11 pm, two hours later than the existing restriction. The driving restriction scheme was planned to be implemented as a trial from 1 January 2016 for an initial period of 15 days. The restriction was in force between 8 am and 8 pm, and traffic was not restricted on Sundays. Public transportation service was increased during the restriction period. On 16 December 2015, the mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution.

Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until 31 March 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to by 1 March 2016. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from entering the capital. Analysing real-time vehicle speed data from Uber Delhi revealed that during the odd-even program, average speeds went up by a statistically significant 5.4 per cent (2.8 standard deviation from normal).

This means vehicles have lesser idling time in traffic and vehicle engines would run closer to minimum fuel consumption. 'In bordering areas, PM 2.5 levels were recorded more than 400 (ug/m3) while in inner areas in Delhi, they were recorded between 150 and 210 on an average.'

However, the subcity of Dwarka, located in the southwest district, has a substantially low level of air pollution. At the NSIT University campus, located in sector 3 Dwarka, pollution levels were as low as 93 PPM. [ ] On 7 November 2017, the declared a public health emergency due to high pollution levels. The highest being in the district with an of 999 and in the district with an index of 852. The lowest index recorded was in the district with an index of 319. Levels of PM2.5 were recorded at 710µg/m³, more than 11 times the 's safe limit.

The houses Ministries of,, and. It also houses the. The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central and the local, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. As of 2015, the government structure of the includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the and five members nominated by the central government.

The head of state of Delhi is the, appointed by the on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament will prevail over the law enacted by the assembly. New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the (MCD).

However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to. In Delhi is an important economic hub of the New Delhi is the largest commercial city in northern India.

It has an estimated net (FY 2010) of ₹1,595 billion (US$25 billion) in nominal terms and ~ ₹6,800 billion (US$110 billion) in terms. As of 2013, the per capita income of Delhi was Rs. 230000, second highest in India after Goa. GSDP in Delhi at the current prices for 2012–13 is estimated at Rs 3.88 trillion () against Rs 3.11 trillion () in 2011–12., one of 's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi.

The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism.

The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg. New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets. The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net (SDP) of 830.85 billion (for the year 2004–05) and a per capita income of Rs. In the year 2008–09 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs. 116,886 ($2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs. 135,814 ($3,018) in 2009–10 fiscal.

New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $6,860 during 2009–10 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The contributes 78.4% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by and sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively. The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at current prices for the year 2011–12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 trillion (), which is an increase of 18.7 per cent over the previous fiscal.

Culture [ ] New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as, and (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom.

The is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might. Religious festivals include (the festival of light),,,,,,,,,,, Christmas and Chhath Puja. The is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the as the chosen backdrop of the event. Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, and (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi. There are also a number of members, most of them Filipinos and some Indians who are married to the members. In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation decided to build a in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current.

Historic sites, museums and gardens [ ]. The in New Delhi is one of the largest museums in India. New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years. The built in 1931 was inspired by the in Paris.

It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the who lost their lives while fighting for the in and the. The monument is barricaded now with entry to inside arch restricted. The which was built similar to the in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the located in New Delhi. The annual takes place here on 26 January. The Beating retreat takes place here 2 days later. The, the final resting place of.

In New Delhi is the location where spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Is the place where was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta.

Located in was built by of. It consists of 13 architectural instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets. New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum,,,,,,,. And Supreme Court of India Museum.

In the coming years, a new and Museum will be constructed in New Delhi for ₹4,000 million (US$62 million). New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include and the historic. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along Shanti Path, the Rose Garden, Nehru Park and the Railway Garden in Chanakya Puri.

Also of note is the garden adjacent to the Jangpura Metro Station near the Defence Colony Flyover, as are the roundabout and neighbourhood gardens throughout the city. The (NDMC) area was declared the cleanest in North India, based on solid waste management, access to sanitation and other parameters of cleanliness, under the zone-wise Swachh Survekshan 2017. Transport [ ].

The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway (DND Flyway) Air [ ], situated to the, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2012–13, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers, making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost ₹96.8 billion (US$1.5 billion) to construct between 2007 and 2010, handles an additional 37 million passengers annually. The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India. The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses, and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VIP including the president and the prime minister.

In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region. The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International. Delhi Airport also bags two awards for The Best Airport in Central Asia/India and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia/India at the World Airport Awards 2015. Road [ ] New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned (DTC), which owns largest fleet of (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads.

New Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis and Auto Rickshaws also ply on New Delhi roads in large numbers. New Delhi has one of the highest road density in and average vehicle speed is around 15-20 kmph in peak hours in the city. Important Roads in New Delhi Some roads and expressways serve as important pillars of New Delhi's road infrastructure: • Inner is one of the most important 'state highways' in New Delhi. It is a 51 km long circular road, which connects important areas in New Delhi. Owing to more than 2 dozen grade-separators/flyovers, the road is almost signal-free. • Outer is another major artery in New Delhi that links far-flung areas of Delhi.

• The Delhi Noida Direct Flyway () is an eight-laned access controlled tolled expressway which connects New Delhi and Delhi to (an important satellite city of ). The acronym DND stands for 'Delhi-Noida Direct'. • 'The is a 28 km (17 mi) expressway connecting New Delhi to, an important satellite city of. • The is controlled tolled expressway which connects New Delhi to, an important satellite city of. National Highways passing through New Delhi New Delhi is connected by road to the rest of India through National highways: • (old number: NH 2), commonly referred as Delhi-Kolkata Road is a busy Indian National Highway that runs through the states of Delhi,, Uttar Pradesh,, Jharkhand, and.

• is a National Highway that connects Srinagar with Kanyakumari and passes through Delhi. • is a National Highway that connects New Delhi with Chennai. • is a National Highway that connects in Punjab to in Uttarakhand and passes through Delhi. Railway [ ] Station Name Station Code Railway Zone Total Platforms NDLS 16 DLI 16 NZM 7 ANVT 7 DEE 7 New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the.

The five main railway stations are,,, and. The, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities,, and.

As of December 2016, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 213 km (132 mi) and. Several other lines are under construction and expected to be commissioned in 2017 adding another 150 km length. It carries almost 3 million passengers every day. In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the exists.

Metro [ ] The is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi,,,, and in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised travel by providing a fast, reliable, safe, and comfortable means of transport. Presently, the Delhi Metro network consists of 213 kilometres (132 miles) of track, with 160 stations along with six more stations of the Airport Express Link.

The network has now crossed the boundaries of Delhi to reach NOIDA and Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh, Gurgaon and faridabad in Haryana. All stations have escalators, elevators, and tactile tiles to guide the visually impaired from station entrances to trains.

It has a combination of elevated, at-grade, and underground lines, and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock. Four types of rolling stock are used: Mitsubishi-ROTEM Broad gauge, Bombardier MOVIA, Mitsubishi-ROTEM Standard gauge, and CAF Beasain Standard gauge.According to a study, Delhi Metro has helped in removing about 390,000 vehicles from the streets of Delhi.

Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Besides construction and operation of Delhi metro, DMRC is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail, monorail and high-speed rail projects in India and providing consultancy services to other metro projects in the country as well as abroad. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by, the managing director of DMRC and popularly known as the 'Metro Man' of India.

He famously resigned from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the prestigious by the French Government for his contribution to Delhi Metro. Cityscape [ ]. Is the official residence of the and is the largest residence of any head of state in the world. Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial ambitions. New Delhi is structured around two central called the and the.

The Rajpath, or King's Way, stretches from the to the. The (Hindi: 'Path of the People'), formerly Queen's Way, begins at and cuts the Rajpath at right angles.

19 foreign embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath (Hindi: 'Path of Peace'), making it the largest diplomatic enclave in India. At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop. The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Is a large, circular commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the in England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath. Architecture [ ] The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy.

All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture. It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911. Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/ tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy and historians like. The 2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony in Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium.

In the foreground is the The city hosted the and annually hosts foot-race. The city has previously hosted the and the. New Delhi was interested in bidding for the but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption in 2010 Commonwealth Games. Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the,,,,, and. Club Sport League Venue Span 2008–present 2011–present Dhyan Chand National Stadium 2013–present 2015–present 2014–present 2014–present Tennis 2014–present 2015–present Aerial view of New Delhi [ ].

4th BRICS Summit in New Delhi in 2012 and First plenary session of the Asian Regional Conference of in New Delhi on October 1947. The city is home to numerous international organisations.

The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and. Is also located in the city. New Delhi 145 foreign embassies and high commissions. Summits, Conferences and Conventions New Delhi hosted the in 1983, in 2012 and the in 2015. It will also host 5th in November 2017.

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