My Austro-Daimler 'Vent Noir II' Bicycle And Brief History of Steyr Daimler Puch The Sasha was followed in 1923 by the successful ADM, a luxury car and quite a successful accomplishment by the days standards. The ADM was the first of the post-Porsche models, designed by the team led by Karl Rabe. Rabe followed the ADM with the ADR, the first of which incorporate a 2.54 litre 6 cylinder overhead cam engine; the R indicates this is built upon a Rohrrahmen (tubular frame) a stepping away from the Plattformrahmen (platform frame) arrangement as provided with its predecessors. Then just before the ADR cars came onto the market in 1927 however, Rabe was hired away by Porsche to work at his company. Rabe would remain employed at Porsche until shortly before his death in 1968. Left: Austro Daimler ADR of 1924 (71,705 bytes).

To mold the aluminum alloy into a bike frame, the metal goes through a recently invented process called hydroforming. Once the hydroforming is complete, and all the tubes have been molded into the appropriate shapes, the tubes are welded together and smoothed with sanding, thus producing a sturdy bicycle frame. Product Proposal Design Organization: Robust Decisions Date: June 2004 Proposed Product Name: COMFORT BICYCLE PRODUCT LINE Summary It is proposed that Bowflex produce.

Right: Austro Daimler Puchwerke radiator cap with the company logo from about 1931 (170,978 bytes). Note the original AD logo was the basis for the head badge of the production Austro Daimler Puchwerke trademarked bicycles introduced in the 1970's. Click on the image to see an enlarged view.

The original ADR autos would be followed by variants including the ADM 19/100 'Harrington Tourer', a 100 mph capable upscale automobile introduced in 1927. By 1928 Austro Daimler Puchwerke was back in the forefront of automobile technology with racing successes by their comparatively powerful ADM 19/100 model. Technically these cars were highly successful for their day with comparatively high horsepower engines, and efficient cooling mated to a well engineered chassis that provided a superior ride and good road handling manners. The 'ADM' and 'ADV' series motor cars continued to earn the company great acclaim throughout the 1920's, marketed as 'The Car For The Connoisseur'. Even today, some restored Austro Daimler autos win high honors at vintage car shows.

On 31 March 1928 Puch, the Austro Daimler Puchwerke bodywork plant, and Oeffag (the Austrian Aircraft Factory Ltd.) merged. On 28 December 1928 the new company 'Austro Daimler Puchwerke Aktiengesellschaft' was entered in the Vienna register of companies.

Tower Of Hanoi Program In C Using Graphics To Think. After the merger with Austro Daimler Puchwerke the production of automobiles by Puch was ended however, bicycles and motorcycles continued in production then bearing the Puch trademark. Motors continued in production, with engines large enough to power trains being produced bearing the Austro Daimler trade name and the AD logo shown above right.

The Great Depression that commenced in the USA in October 1929 impacted banking, customer demand for commodities, and employment. The crisis spread overseas too so that by 1930 Europe was enveloped by the Great Depression and their markets for the more upscale automobiles were adversely impacted thus causing a dramatic retraction by production throughout the industry. Regardless of the economic situation in 1930, the first of two new luxurious Austro Daimler Puchwerke motor cars were introduced: the ADR 8, which was followed in 1931 by the ADR 6. Both of the ADR cars were well engineered and stylish.

The ADR 8 Alpine features a 4,624 cc (4.6 litre) straight 8 cylinder SOHC gasoline engine producing 121 hp. Some fifty of the ADR 8 were made through the 1935 model year in the customers choice of either a Tourer (2 doors, 2+2 seating with a retracting top), or a Limousine (4 doors and 4 seats), a Cabriolet (2 doors, 2 seats convertible), or Saloon (4 doors, 4 seats). The ADR 6 Bergmeister, introduced in 1932, was a lighter weight model at about 3,200 lbs. Even with its 3,613 cc (3.6 litre) straight 6 in line SOHC engine, the ADR 6 was faster and with a 94 mph top speed, and better at climbing hills (hence 'mountain master') than the ADR 8. The ADR 6 was offered as Cabriolet, Tourer, or Saloon configuration with about fifty of these being completed.

These were the last great civilian motor cars introduced under the Austro Daimler Puchwerke trademark. The Great Depression had such a long-term impact that Austro Daimler Puchwerke wound down and then suspended all production by 30 June 1934. Austro Daimler Puchwerke then merged with Steyr-Werke AG to form 'Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG'.

This merger was registered in Vienna on 12 October 1934, then on 10 May 1935 the Austro Daimler Puchwerke Aktiengesellschaft (corporation) was delisted from the commercial register. The merger that produced Steyr-Werke AG made this one of the three largest manufacturing concerns in Austria in the 1930's. Right: Steyr-Werke AG trademark (11,137 bytes). While the Depression no doubt limited the demand for the ADR 6 and ADR 8 motor cars they continued to be available into 1935, even after the merger with Steyr. After the ADR production stopped in 1935, all automobile production by Austro Daimler Puchwerke was ended as the facilities transitioned solely to the production of motors, and trucks as large as the a 6x6 (six wheel drive) chassis, lorries (small towing or personnel carrying trucks), motorcycles, and of course bicycles. While Steyr continued with the production of consumer and military passenger vehicles and trucks. Left: Steyr-Daimler-Puch head badge from a 'Silver Wheel' bicycle made after 1934 (21,206 bytes).

After the merger of 1934, their bicycles were marketed under either the Austro Daimler or Puch trade names though they may bear 'Steyr-Daimler-Puch Aktiengesellschaft' or 'Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG' engraved on the head badge, and this was embossed on some accessories too. The motorcycles manufactured for the consumer market were assembled at the factory in Graz and after the merger were marketed under the Puch trade name. The economic situation of many people in Europe was still not good owing to the residual effects of The Depression.

So there were markets for more affordable modes of transportation, the Volkswagon for example came about in response to this perceived demand. So when Puch attended the Vienna International Spring Fair in March of 1938 they revealed their vision of economical two wheel motor transport, then selling for only 390 Austrian Shillings: the Puch STYRIETTE. The Styriette resembles a motorized bicycle, it features a lightweight lugged and brazed steel frame riding on 26 inch wheels, both with drum brakes, and incorporating an 60 cc 1.3 hp two-stroke air-cooled engine (that consumed only 1.5 liters of gasoline per 100 km) and with pedals too; these would become known to the world as the Moped. It was of particular interest to those aged 16 or less since the law demanded no liability insurance or drivers license to operate the Styriette. Some 2,300 or so of these innovative machines were manufactured before international events would override Steyr Daimler Puch in the Spring of 1938, and production of the Styriette halted. Of course production of motorcycles continued too including their flagship Type 350 GS.

In 1936 Puch introduced its largest motorcycle, the Puch 800, a 430 lb four-speed model powered by a 20 HP four cylinder four stroke 792 cc motor; some 550 or so of these would me made into 1938.

RECENT NEWS: • •, once we build it • Ralph Merkle's from. The next few paragraphs provide a brief introduction to the core concepts of nanotechnology, followed by links to further reading. Manufactured products are made from atoms. The properties of those products depend on how those atoms are arranged. If we rearrange the atoms in coal we can make diamond. If we rearrange the atoms in sand (and add a few other trace elements) we can make computer chips.

If we rearrange the atoms in dirt, water and air we can make potatoes. Todays manufacturing methods are very crude at the molecular level. Casting, grinding, milling and even lithography move atoms in great thundering statistical herds. It's like trying to make things out of LEGO blocks with boxing gloves on your hands. Yes, you can push the LEGO blocks into great heaps and pile them up, but you can't really snap them together the way you'd like. In the future, nanotechnology (more specifically, molecular nanotechnology or MNT) will let us take off the boxing gloves. We'll be able to snap together the fundamental building blocks of nature easily, inexpensively and in most of the ways permitted by the laws of nature.

This will let us continue the revolution in computer hardware to its ultimate limits: molecular computers made from molecular logic gates connected by molecular wires. This new pollution free manufacturing technology will also let us inexpensively fabricate a cornucopia of new products that are remarkably light, strong, smart, and durable. 'Nanotechnology' has become something of a buzzword and is applied to many products and technologies that are often largely unrelated to molecular nanotechnology. While these broader usages encompass many valuable evolutionary improvements of existing technology, molecular nanotechnology will open up qualitatively new and exponentially expanding opportunities on a historically unprecedented scale. We will use the word 'nanotechnology' to mean 'molecular nanotechnology'.

Nanotechnology will let us: • Achieve the ultimate in precision: almost every atom in exactly the right place. • Make complex and molecularly intricate structures as easily and inexpensively as simple materials. • Reduce manufacturing costs to little more than the cost of the required raw materials and energy. While technologies that lack one or more of these characteristics can be quite valuable, by definition they are not molecular nanotechnology. Molecular nanotechnology will let us build new and entirely novel molecular machines, like the illustrated at left. Molecular nanotechnology will be the physical foundation for the.

There are two more concepts commonly associated with nanotechnology: •. Clearly, we would be happy with any method that simultaneously achieved the first three objectives. However, this seems difficult without using some form of positional assembly (to get the right molecular parts in the right places) and some form of massive parallelism (to keep the costs down). The need for positional assembly implies an interest in, e.g., robotic devices that are molecular both in their size and precision. These molecular scale positional devices are likely to resemble very small versions of their everyday macroscopic counterparts because both the macroscopic and the microscopic versions are trying to achieve the same objectives: the ability to flexibility and accurately hold, position and assemble parts. Positional assembly is frequently used in normal macroscopic manufacturing today, and provides tremendous advantages. Imagine trying to build a bicycle with both hands tied behind your back!

The idea of manipulating and positioning individual atoms and molecules is still new and takes some getting used to. However, as said in a: 'The principles of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom.' We need to apply at the molecular scale the concept that has demonstrated its effectiveness at the macroscopic scale: making parts go where we want by putting them where we want. A few robotic arms assembling molecular parts are going to take a long time to assemble anything large — so we need lots of robotic arms: this is what we mean by massive parallelism.

While earlier proposals achieved massive parallelism through, today's 'best guess' is that future molecular manufacturing systems will use some form of. In this process vast numbers of small parts are assembled by vast numbers of small robotic arms into larger parts, those larger parts are assembled by larger robotic arms into still larger parts, and so forth. If the size of the parts doubles at each iteration, we can go from one nanometer parts (a few atoms in size) to one meter parts (almost as big as a person) in only 30 steps.

In this way, a with many robotic arms in it can manufacture another nanofactory in a reasonable period of time. Some Frequently Asked Questions • • • • • • • • • • • More Information Books • The best technical introductions are: • by (Wiley 1992).

• Drexler's MIT Ph.D. Thesis is available on-line in PDF:. • by and (Landes, 2004). • A technical introduction to medical applications of nanotechnology: •, currently being written by Robert A. Volume I is available. Has an overview.

The is also available. • The discusses the application of MNT (Molecular NanoTechnology) to. The MNT articles are available as a. • Feynman's remarkable technical introduction to physics: • by, and.• Further reading: •, by Ray Kurzweil (Viking Press, 2006) provides a at exponential technologies, including nanotechnology, and provides the of when and how deeply these technologies might impact our lives that's currently available.

A must read for anyone interested in their own future and that of their children. • by (Anchor 1986) discusses both the technology and its possible applications and consequences. •, by, and Gayle Pergamit (Quill 1991) provides a non-technical discussion of what nanotechnology should let us do, using technically feasible scenarios to clearly illustrate the possibilities.

By Ed Regis (Little, Brown 1995) is an engaging and entertaining book that describes the researchers involved in this area, particularly Drexler, and the reactions of different members of the scientific community to the concept. Journals, publications and newsgroups • The is a newsletter published by the and is an excellent way to keep abreast of developments and events in this rapidly moving area. • sci.nanotech is a net news discussion group that covers nanotechnology and related areas. • The covers nanotechnology both in the specific sense used here and in the broader sense.

It has had a special issue for each of the Foresight Conferences on Molecular Nanotechnology and is well worth reading. •, published by the Alcor Life Extension Foundation, covers cryonics and related areas. Conferences and events • See listing of events.

The Feynman Prizes •, most notably the Feynman prizes in nanotechnology. Some information on the web •, by Richard P.

Feynman, still the best technical introduction to physics. •, by Richard P. Feynman, is a classic 1959 article which discusses the limits of miniaturization and forecast the ability to '.arrange the atoms the way we want; the very atoms, all the way down!' The first journal article on molecular nanotechnology. • A summary of, a 1980 NASA study which provides a good introduction to self replicating systems. • •, IEEE, January 2001 •,, September 11 2000 • • A paper discussing from the computational nanotechnology project at NASA Ames. • A to diamond mechanosynthesis.

•, published in, provides a general introduction to nanotechnology. • discusses the Stewart platform, a simple robotic arm, and a new proposal: the double tripod. It then analyzes and compares their positional accuracy in the face of thermal noise at room temperature. • Moriarty's in 2009 at on the feasibility of nanofactories.

• discusses the design of molecular building blocks that could be used in conjunction with positional assembly in solution (no vacuum) to build a useful range of non-diamondoid molecular structures, including early assemblers. • discusses the idea of using computer simulation to speed the development of this new technology.

• is an ab initio study of a proposed molecular tool. • discusses the design of a 'simple' diamondoid assembler. • can make meter scale or larger products starting with nanometer scale parts. • discusses some of the possible medical applications of nanotechnology.

Drexler and Smalley debate feasibility of molecular nanotechnology in. • Foresight issues. '[Smalley] offers vehement opinions and colorful metaphors but no relevant, defensible scientific arguments.'

• the issues. 'Smalley's position, which denies both the promise and the peril of molecular assembly, will ultimately backfire' • Howard Lovey's nano blog covers. '.I've covered local and national government enough to confidently question the motives of those who side with the Smalley camp.' • The Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN) issued a. 'If Smalley's goal is to demonstrate that machine-phase chemistry is fundamentally flawed, he has not been effective.' • The:'The debate has caught widespread attention among nanotechnology researchers.'

Computational chemistry can validate the feasibility of mechanosynthesis, what's needed is funding. • Lawrence Lessig in says: 'Should science tell the truth?

You'd think that question would need no answer. But in the vortex known as Washington, DC, the obvious too often gets bent.' Other sites • • • Wikipedia has an on molecular nanotechnology • The • • has many links to chemistry-related topics.

• list of nanotechnology web sites. • provides cryonics services. Adobe Flash Player Free Download For Nokia 5233 there. Some groups focused on nanotechnology • The.

Motto: Preparing for future technologies. A nonprofit organization, the Foresight Institute has played a pivotal role in educating both the general public and the research community about the potential impact of nanotechnology. Address: Foresight Institute, Box 61058, Palo Alto CA 94306 USA; phone: 415-324-2490; fax: 415-324-2497; e-mail: inform@foresight.org; WWW: • in Australia has with an STM and is pursuing. • was designing and modeling. • The, a nonprofit foundation formed to carry out research aimed at developing molecular manufacturing. • The • The, focuses on nano policy research • (MMEI) was founded to help accelerate advancements in the field of nanotechnology.

They provide seed capital and other support to those developing key advances. • at Rice University is devoted to nurturing science and technology at the nanometer scale. • is a chapter of the. MMSG's motto: promote the development of nanotechnology as a means to facilitate the settlement of space. Other pages • (formerly at IBM Zurich) made the world's smallest abacus as well as positioned individual molecules at room temperature. • Ray Kurzweil's • • at USC is run by and is investigating the precise manipulation of atoms and molecules. • is interested in revolutionary new ideas that 'leap-frog' the evolution of current aerospace systems in a 10-40 year time horizon.

• and his show their. • at Harvard. • from at U.C. • includes images of several structures built by positioning individual atoms. • at Caltech, run by Bill Goddard, has computationally modeled a broad range of, including those of nanotechnology.

For example, and Jason Perry, then with Goddard's group, used ab initio quantum chemistry to analyze a molecular tool which should be useful in the synthesis of diamondoid structures (, Musgrave et. Al., 2 (1991) pages 187-195). • (Naval Research Laboratory) has several groups pursuing various aspects of nanotechnology. The (among others) pursues research in nanostructures and nanofabrication. • is working on nanotechnological applications of DNA, including (for example) a. The, a well known positional device, is basically an octahedron six of whose struts can be adjusted in length. While DNA is not as stiff as might be desired for molecular robotics applications, the ability to synthesize an octahedral structure suggests that the self assembly of a simple positional device is possible.

• ranging from 10 -34 J to 10 69 J. • Geoff Leach's with information on Crystal Clear, a crystal editor with a graphical user interface. • • by John Walker, part of a talk he gave in 1990 at the Autodesk technology forum. • The implications of are even greater than those of molecular manufacturing. • has an interest in nanomanufacturing of atom-based standards.

• • illustrated in Nanosystems on pages 311 and 312. • is also an important issue if we are to continue improving computer performance. Molecular manufacturing will let us put a very large number of logic elements into a very small volume, so if we are to avoid creating a great deal of heat we'll need to keep the energy dissipation per logic operation very low indeed! • See from Singularity University.

• (which illustrates what a low-resolution nanofactory looks like) from. • of some proposed molecular machines. This is the home page of 's nanotechnology web site.

It can be found on the web.