The African Union today adopted a unilateral resolution to deploy army troops and care packages to England as looting and violence spread from London to other major cities. Spokesperson Charity Khumalo said “We can no longer stand by while these savages tear themselves apart.” The AU, meeting today in an emergency session to discuss the ongoing rioting in the UK, has declared that they will do “everything in their power to help bring civilisation to England”. “It’s just so sad, you know?” said Khumalo, speaking from the organisation’s HQ in Addis Ababa. “Sitting here and watching them on TV while their society implodes. We cannot in good conscience remain idle and let it happen.” The AU has announced a range of initiatives that Africans can get involved with to help alleviate the misery of the English. “For instance, we have launched an ‘Adopt an English child’ programme,” Khumalo explained, showing journalists brochures featuring the faces of English kids. “If you donate a mere R50 a month, you can see to it that sweet little Johnny from Peckham receives a basic education, a pack of condoms and a pair of pimpin’ Nikes.” Khumalo also said that the AU would be parachuting in dentists along with army troops as part of a ‘Feel better about yourselves, Brits!’ initiative.

“You can understand why they’re turning on each other,” the spokesperson told journalists. “You look in the mirror and you see teeth untouched by modern dentistry. It’s heartbreaking enough to make anyone put a brick through a Starbucks.” The organisation also plans to air-drop care packages on major UK cities. “Vegetables, mainly,” Khumalo confirmed. “We’re sending them vegetables and toothpaste.” The AU’s flagship event, however, will be a star-studded rock concert to be held in Johannesburg, with all proceeds going towards the establishment of mobile libraries around the UK.

Artists ranging from Mafikizolo to Steve Hofmeyr have pledged to perform at the show. “As a humanitarian, it’s the least I can do,” Hofmeyr said yesterday. “I look at those photos of the adorable little beasts knifing each other in fights over looted X-Boxes and I want to hug them and give them a nice hot cup of Milo.” Meanwhile, the week’s events have seen terrified South Africans in London and Manchester packing their bags for home. “This country is going to the dogs, dude,” said Werner du Preez, a gap-year student from Johannesburg. “I’ve been offered a nice little two-bedroom place in Hillbrow where I can feel safe again.”.

May 22, 2017. Medical Readiness of the Reserve Component. This Article RAND Health Quarterly, 2012; 2(2):7. Two contractors (Reserve Health Readiness Program Surveillance Tools, Reserve Health Readiness Program, and more Topics Submenu. Military Medical History National Museum of Health and Medicine,.

By: Al-Sammani Awadallah Khartoum – Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) has announced its rejection of South Sudan’s accommodation of Darfur armed movement to destabilize Sudan, a in a reference to reports about existence of alliance between North Sudan People’s Liberation Movement and Darfur armed Movement to establish a military base in South Sudan’s state of Unity. Sudan Military Spokesperson Brig. Al-Sawarmi Khalid Saad said the international law prohibits South Sudan state destabilize any state or attempt to accommodate an opposition, or form military cells to maneuver Sudan or any other country is deemed international crime, and that Sudan reserves the right to resort to international justice to recover its rights. He affirmed that Sudan can turn to such procedures in the event South Sudan accommodates Darfur armed movements and north Sudan SPLM. The spokesperson said the second option is concerted crackdown, pointing out that law allows Sudan Armed Forces to crackdown on whosoever attempts to destabilize Sudan escapes or resort to another country.

In this connection, Saad cited a protocol signed between Sudan and Uganda regarding cracking down on Lord Resistance Army (LRA) inside Sudanese territories. In response to SPLM north Sudan declaration of having an army or it will form a military wing, Saad told Sudan Vision said such declaration was against the Constitution in such case the north sector [SPLM] will no longer be deemed a political body but an independent rebel entity and should be dealt with a rebels against the government, law and Constitution.

However, the spokesperson affirmed Sudan’s military’s capability of deterring any rebellion against the country. Earlier, newly formed National Resistance Front made up of Sudan Liberation Movements separately led by Abdul Wahid and Minawi and North Sudan People’s Liberation Movement known as “North Sector” recently held a meeting in Juba in the presence of James Huth, Chief of Staff of South Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), considerable number of SPLM leaders in South Kordufan and the Blue Nile states, some leaders from Minnawi’s movement and Deputy Commander of rebel Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). A sources said the meeting had decided to establish a military command for the Front in the region of Manga, Unity state. August 8, 2011 (KHARTOUM) – The Sudan People Liberation Movement (SPLM) in South Kordofan and two factions from the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) in Darfur sealed an alliance with the publicized goal of overthrowing the government of president Omer Hassan Al-Bashir and establishing a secular state in the country. The Darfur Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) however distanced itself from the accord over the issue of the secular state and insisted instead that the focus should be the creation of a citizenship rights state. Gamar Dalman, the media adviser to the SPLM leader in South Kordofan, told Sudan Tribune in a phone interview on Monday that the tripartite agreement was signed today in Kaoda, South Kordofan by Ramadan Hassan Nimir from the SPLM-Kordofan, Abul Gassim Al-Haj representing the SLM-Abdel Wahid Al-Nur and Al-Rayah Mahmood on behalf of the SLM-Minni Minnawi. He said the agreement “provides for the use of political and military means to topple down the regime of the [ruling] National Congress Party (NCP)” and movement towards a secular state in the whole of Sudan.

Dalman also emphasized that the alliance pact is open to all the other political forces in the country. The SPLM-North reached a with the Sudanese government brokered by the head of an African Union Panel Thabo Mbeki to negotiate a political partnership between the two parties and to discuss security arrangements. But the Sudanese president came back a week later and rejected it. He also ordered the army to hunt down Abdel Aziz Al-Hilu, leader of Southern Kordofan SPLM and bring him to justice.

The SPLM-North Sudan said after a leadership meeting on July 21st that included Chairman Malik Aggar and Secretary General Yasir Arman besides Vice-Chairman Al-Hilu that it would only resume talks with Khartoum if the latter accepts a mediated process. The summit also declared that the SPLM will determine its political strategy including the principle of regime change within a month’s time. Dalman said the rapprochement between the SPLM-North and Darfur rebel groups was initiated by the Secretary General Yasir Arman adding that he along with Aggar are now “rebels” against Khartoum. He also underlined that all the political forces were approached to join the alliance. He pointed out that the issue of the secular state is the only guarantee for Southern Kordofan people who reject any other option in this respect. He however said if Khartoum accepts to resume an internationally brokered process, they will bring the demands of their Darfurian allies and put it on the negotiating table with the NCP’s government.

JEM REBUFFS THE ALLIANCE OVER SECULAR STATE CLAUSE A delegation of JEM rebels headed by its deputy chairman Ahmed Adam Bakheit was part of the talks held in South Kordofan. The rebel group, which took part in the fighting against the government troops alongside SPLM South Kordofan last month, refused to join the alliance over the principle of the secular state. JEM spokesperson Gibreel Adam Bilal, told Sudan Tribune the secular state is not the most important issue at the present stage and the efforts should be directed at toppling the regime. He said their delegation emphasized that the future Sudanese state should be built on the basis of full and equal citizenship, as well as the separation of the religion and the state. “However imposing the secularism is similar to the theocratic state and such decision should be decided by the whole Sudanese people,” Gibreel said.

He disclosed that JEM leader Khalil Ibrahim discussed this point in his telephone conversation with the SPLM Secretary General Yasir Arman on Sunday. Unknown Caller here. Bilal said that JEM’s position on the place of religion “is quite clear”. He also underlined another divergence on the role of the political forces that refuse to carry arms against the regime. He said his group wanted a place be clearly designed for these forces to ensure their participation in the interim period. But Ahmed Tugud JEM’s top negotiator stated to Sudan Tribune that their delegation is still discussing with other parties ways to resolve contentious issues related to the drafting of the document.

He also criticized some rebel officials for leaking the contents of the agreement before it is finalized. JEM is part in the Doha political process to end Darfur conflict but refused to sign a peace deal with Khartoum asking to open direct negotiations on the seven chapters of a framework peace document, a matter that Khartoum refuses. Ibrahim Gambari the Joint Special Representative and the interim mediator informed the rebel group in a meeting held in Doha last Saturday that Khartoum still refuses to open the whole document for talks and says it can discuss only JEM political participation and the security arrangements. JEM delegation is preparing to leave the venue of the peace process saying it would return if a new development occurs, showing its commitment to the Doha process to end the eight year conflict.

The two SLM groups of Al-Nur and Minnawi are not part of the Doha process. Al-Nur adopted recently a holistic approach saying Darfur crisis can only be solved through a regime change in Khartoum. While the government rejects to include in the Doha process Minnawi who signed the 2066 peace agreement in Abuja. Dalman said that a statement by the signatories is in the works and will be put out on Tuesday with the text of the alliance pact.

In Khartoum the Sudanese Media Center (SMC) website, a media outlet close to the Sudanese intelligence service, accused the South Sudan government of sponsoring the meeting and claimed that the SLPA’s chief of staff, James Hoth, personally supports the military aspect of the integration of Darfur and Southern Kordofan rebel combatants. Reacting to the deal, the NCP political officer, Qutbi al-Mahdi said the alliance wants to weaken the Doha accord signed with the rebel Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM) on July 14th. He further said it proves the continued support from the SPLM to Darfur rebels. By I am the offspring of Kush; her pride runs in my veins. I am the embodiment of her people’s struggle; Their plight sounds with my every heartbeat. I am the echo of their cry for justice; Their suffering is the driving force of my life. I am the seed of solidarity for her dispersed children!

I am the enslaved child in Madani, The heavy-laden bricklayer in Kosti, The widow of war in Juba, And the orphan whose father is war and rite of passage is violence. I am the dispossessed in Kajbar, The displaced in Darfur, the forgotten in Abyei, The exploited in Port Sudan, And the destitute in the refugee and IDP Camps. I am the wide-eyed rural boy in Khartoum, The resilient in Akobo, The inventive in Malakal, The royalty of the Shiluk, and the complexity of the Zande. I am the wisdom of the chiefs, The precision of the spear master, The persistence of the sidelined politician, And the courage of the underground writer. I am the marginalized of Sudan! Now despite compromise, war, and struggle, I am still oppressed.

In villages in the north, I am deprived of my right to my land and heritage, and face imminent disinheritance and displacement. In eastern Sudan, I am bound by Illiteracy and every sort of marginalization, From which my only escape is servitude in the capitol The land of Milk and honey, they say; Where I live as refugee in my own country, Without honor or dignity. In Darfur, oh Darfur! In Darfur, I loose my humanity daily. In the South and the Border States, My CPA is in danger of being yet another agreement dishonored.

Abyei, my jewel is a time bomb ticking Conforming to the pulse of my people’s discontentment. They say my country’s economy is booming, Yet I am the poorest of the poor. And as long as this marginalization exists, the struggle continues. It continues beyond this lifetime to the next. And until the day when the Sudanese is no longer marginalized, I am reborn. A fire ignited in the passion sowed, in another Offspring of KUSH. That one that rises from the deepest darkness, With a clenched fist and a loud voice, Declaring a tribute to the spirit of the struggle reincarnated once more.

I am the remnant of greatness. I am the carrier of the legacy of the struggle. I am the living child of Sudan.

The voice of the voiceless The hope of the hopeless I have seen a New Sudan, A land merry with the sun Where diverse nations and people’s partake of its bountiful fruits. A New Sudan free of all discrimination and marginalization, Where justice and peace reigns. And in my toil to make it a reality, I re-member I re-member the legacy of my predecessors, And internalize it as my heritage. A legacy for my striving and struggle And in this a day of re-membrance; I accept my duty and commit to the deeds necessary to fulfill it.

I re-member I re-member I re-member I re-member Battalion 104, Volcano Battalion and Katiba Banat I re-member the New Kush Division, The Cadres in Bilfam, The contributions of Musa Kuwa Idriss, and the Red army And I charge you brothers and sisters to re-member Re-member the difficult days of the struggle Re-member to feed the children and widows of our martyrs Re-member the slogans of the revolution Re-member our promise to the people Re-member our commitment to the vision Re-member our duty and loyalty is to the cause Re-membrance is an action, and not a thought. That which was dismembered is now re-membered. That which was disintegrated is now re-integrated, re-vived, re-claimed, and re-lived. Re-member through works not words. Embrace this passion, embrace this duty, And become the embodiment of our people’s Struggle. The echo of their cry for Justice and Peace Re-member! Be-come, I Be-come, I I am John Garang I am Karbino Kuanyin I am Yousif Kuwa I am William Deng Nhial I am Ali Abdellatif I am Abdelfadil Almaz I am William Nyuon Beny I am Arok Thon Arok I am Ngacigak Ngaculuk I am John Kulang I am Martin Manyiel Ayuel I am Francis Ngor I am Dauod Boulad I am Ali BGuatala I am Emilio Tafeng I am Ager Gum I am Thon Ayii I am Father Seterno Ohure I am Gelario Modi I am Emmanuel Abur I am Aquilla Manyuon I am Anyar Apiu I am Akuot Atem I am Gai Tut I am the countless martyrs and innocent casualties of the Struggle.

I am the offspring of KUSH, of Sudan, and though I am no longer breathing, striving for a New Sudan. I am reborn through you and, through your duty and deeds as the struggle continues. Photo: Matt Chancey Friday, August 12, 2011 – by OHATCHEE, Al. August 12, 2011 — Last week, an was convened by the House Foreign Affairs Committee. It was presided over by Representative Chris Smith (R-NJ), chairman of the subcommittee on Africa, Global Health and Human Rights. The subject was the ethnic cleansing and humanitarian crisis of Sudan.

Present at the panel were ranking member Representative Donald Payne (D-NJ), Representative Ann Marie Buerkle (R-NY) and Representative Frank Wolf (R-VA), co-chairman of the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission. No one from the State Department appeared. The witnesses were Rt. Reverend Bishop Andudu Adam Elnail, of the; Bradford Phillips, founder and president of the and Sudan Country Director for; and Dr. Luka Biong Deng, Ph.D., president of and a former minister of cabinet affairs for the National Unity Government and minister for presidential affairs for the Government of South Sudan. () “There is no justification in my mind for bombing Libya, while doing nothing in the Nuba Mountains,” said Phillips in his testimony, as he provided evidence of genocide against the Nuba peoples in the oil-rich region that lies on the border between Sudan and the new country of South Sudan. Brad Phillips testifies before an emergency meeting of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health and Human Rights.

The hearing was aired on C-SPAN. “Based on the history of the [National Congress Party], and what we know about what they are doing today in Darfur, in Abyei, and in the Nuba Mountains,” Phillips continued, “it amazes me how the U.S.

And the international community could tolerate these killers for so long, yet aggressively pursue other villains who have not killed 1/100th of the people for which Omar al-Bashir and his regime are responsible.” Americans could easily be numb to distant Sudan appearing in the news. The African country has been brewing with dangerous conflict virtually ever since it gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1956. Darfur has become synonymous with suffering and chaos. What else is there to know or do about it?

The morning after the hearing, I had the opportunity to talk about this issue with Mr. Phillips, whose urgent plea for scrutiny and action was credited with initiating the emergency hearing on the situation in South Kordofan. “There’s right now no humanitarian action to Southern Kordofan state, and there is a massive humanitarian crisis looming in the next 1-2 months because families – and women and children – are hiding in the caves in the mountainside of the Nuba Mountains because they’re afraid to go down into the valley and cultivate,” Phillips told me over the phone. “They’re afraid to live in their homes.

Saturday, 13 August 2011 13:18 By Matthew Stein and Lasuba Memo Failure to find agreeable oil transit fee jeopardises economies and regional stability Prior to southern independence, Rosie Sharpe, a campaigner with the internationally respected environmental watchdog Global Witness warned that “without a new, equitable oil deal between north and south, it is difficult to see how southern separation could pass off peacefully.” Now, less than one month after South Sudan became an independent country, this stark warning is gradually threatening to become a reality. Although the south sold a shipment of 3.2 million barrels of oil in July at international prices without interference from the northern government in Khartoum, on August 4, for the first time, a shipment of 600,000 barrels of oil produced in South Sudan was impeded from leaving Port Sudan in the north for two days due to outstanding disagreements over an agreeable oil transport fee. The secession of South Sudan, where three-quarters of Sudan’s 470,000 daily barrels per day of oil is produced, has created numerous economic challenges for the Khartoum government. According to the finance ministry an estimated 36.5 percent of its total revenues have since been cut, forcing the already cash-strapped government to announce that it will cut spending and widen the tax base as part of an emergency three-year economic program, including a 30 percent tax on telephone calls as. However, in order to fulfil its revised budget for 2011, which was ratified by parliament on July 21 and envisages an income of $6.5 billion against government expenditure of $7.5 billion, oil revenue remains critical. The government has said that it expects oil transit and usage fees from the south to amount to $2.6 billion per year, and to generate this figure, which is roughly equal to the amount Sudan expects to lose in oil revenue after the south’s split, Khartoum has demanded a fee of $22.8 per barrel. The figure, which far supersedes international averages of $0.50 -$2 per barrel, has been described as “daylight robbery,” by southern officials.

Moreover, once other fees and taxes are included, southern officials argue the final price is closer to $33 a barrel. The dispute has created a standoff between the countries, where neither wants to be seen as giving into the other. By ASHLEY LEEVER Hub Intern Kearney Hub KEARNEY — To the members of Kearney Evangelical Church, Duop Wie Met is much more than a Lost Boy of Sudan: He is a member of the family. Ashley Leever, Kearney Hub Refugee finds home Duop Wie Met, right, a Sudanese refugee, found a home in Kearney with Kearney Evangelical Church. When the Rev.

Mike Shields and the congregation heard Duop’s story, they were eager to help him and his village of Kuat in South Sudan. When Duop, who goes by his first name and now is 30 years old, entered the church a year ago, the congregation knew there was something special about him. “He showed up in our church, and we just realized that there is something that God wants us to do with him and for him,” said the Rev.

Mike Shields, senior pastor at Kearney Evangelical Free Church. Robert and Kathy Fitzgerald, members of the church, took Duop under their wing and learned about his journey from Sudan to Kearney.

Doup’s story began when he was 15 in Kuat, Sudan, a small village in the southern part of the country caught in the middle of the Second Sudanese Civil War. The violence and terror of the war came on his family’s doorstep when soldiers from the north demanded Duop’s parents convert from Christianity to Islam. But when his parents refused to give up their faith, they became victims of the war. “They come at night surrounding our house, and they called my dad to come out,” Duop said. “My dad came out and they shot him.

My mother came out to see what was going on, and they shot her.” With his older siblings, Duop fled Sudan to a refugee camp in Ethiopia. Duop was chosen for a program started by the United States and the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees to resettle refugees in the United States. After relocating to the United States, Duop was placed in an apartment in Houston with other Sudanese refugees. “They were given a sum of money and told, ‘OK, here you go. Find a job and figure out your life.’ And he was 16,” Shields said. “It was better than where he was but still very, very hard.” When Duop discovered there were many Sudanese refugees living in the Omaha area, he moved.

“I thank God he brought me here. I have no clue why I came to the U.S., but he knows. I hadn’t thought about the U.S.A. Before or Nebraska. But God is good,” Duop said.

In Omaha, Duop met Peter Deng, another Sudanese, and lived with him while they attended Burke High School. After graduation, Duop moved to Grand Island to study at Central Community College. While Duop was in the United States, his family remained in Ethiopia, away from the violence that ravaged Sudan. When Duop’s sister, Nyaruon Wie Met, arranged for Duop to get married, he dropped out of college so he could return to Africa for the wedding.

Duop returned to Nebraska after getting married to continue his education while his wife stayed in Ethiopia. When Duop and Peter moved to Kearney, Peter introduced him to the Kearney Evangelical Free Church. Duop discovered a new home and family with the members of Evangelical Free Church. “I’m glad I’m here,” Duop said.

“Thank you for Pastor Mike and the people in church. Those are my family. We don’t have a blood relationship, but in Christ we are brother and sister forever.” Even after Peter moved back to Africa, Duop didn’t feel alone. Dan and Sandy Fong opened their home to Duop as he continued his education and began working in Kearney. But with his wife and newborn daughterstill in Africa, Sudan was never far from Duop’s mind. “She was born when I came back. It’s hard to stay away from your family, but God knows the time we need to be together and time for us to separate,” Duop said.

South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 peace deal that ended Africa’s longest-running civil war. Sudan is being prepared for losing its status as “Africa’s biggest country” Southern Sudan’s independence will create in effect not one but two new states. The new-born Republic of South Sudan will face many challenges – but Sudan will be in an equally vulnerable position.

Khartoum will have to cope without the south’s oil reserves, and deal with continuing fighting in Darfur, as well as fresh conflicts in Southern Kordofan and perhaps elsewhere. More than that, Sudan’s identity is being hotly debated – and a worried outside world is watching. Southern secession will strike a blow to the pride of people who until now have delighted in extolling “Africa’s biggest country” – and to President Omar al-Bashir, who will preside over the schism. His officials, like National Congress Party spokesman Ibrahim Ghandour, insist the head of state’s stature has grown since he brought an end to the north-south civil war.

Lost oil wealth Mr Ghandour believes South Sudan represents Khartoum’s greatest headache, and tense relations with the former subjects seem inevitable. But he does accept Sudan is in for a difficult time – even if he denies that his party is to blame. “In Sudan there are problems but it is partially created by foreign interventions, and some of our countrymen are getting involved in conflicts because they are interested in power,” he says. Nevertheless the uppercut to the country’s economy is undoubtedly of great concern. In the past decade or so, Khartoum has undergone an oil-fuelled building boom, but about three-quarters of the oil is in the south. Under the terms of a 2005 peace deal, Khartoum and Juba have been sharing the income from the southern oil equally. Northern economists calculate they will now face a 36% gap in their budget.

Some of that will be replaced when a deal is signed specifying how much South Sudan will pay for using the north’s pipelines, refineries and export terminal. Mr Ghandour and other northern officials hope a renewed focus on agriculture and increased revenues from mining, and in particular gold, can make up the rest. But with southern independence imminent, the Sudanese pound is already slipping against the dollar, foreign currency reserves are depleted – and all this is being felt in local food markets, where prices are rising. ‘Food basket’. We need to ask: ‘How is the north going to be ruled?’” End Quote Yassir Arman SPLM-North “Two months ago everything was cheap, now there is a great increase. Meat used to be 12 pounds [about $4.50, £3], now it is 20, and sugar has doubled,” says Mohamed, doing his shopping in Omdurman, Khartoum’s twin city just across the River Nile. “We are complaining about these high prices.” That raises a familiar spectre of the depleted banquet – the sort of demonstrations that have twice brought down Sudanese heads of state.

“This is typical of what happened in October 1964 and April 1985,” says Haj Hamad, an economist who runs the Social and Human Development Consultative Group. “You touch the untouchable which is the food basket, and usually in Sudan you have housewives banging pots in the middle of the night, when the security is sleeping, then you will have a government change.” Sudanese officials rubbish such claims, saying the fundamentals of the economy are strong. But there has to be some concern, particularly if new oil isn’t found to complement the limited existing northern reserves, or world prices tumble. Sudan will try to have its colossal debt – about $39bn (£24bn) – written off, and get US sanctions removed. Many thousands of people still live in Darfur refugee camps But this depends on Khartoum’s difficult current relationship with the West improving dramatically. That will only happen if Khartoum changes the way it deals with areas of the north that reject its policies.

“We need to ask: ‘How is the north going to be ruled,”’ Yassir Arman, the secretary general of SPLM-North, the northern wing of the rebels which gained the south’s independence, told the BBC. “This is how we can avoid the experience of the past.” Deal in Darfur? South Kordofan is the latest part of a vast country to descend into violence. Clashes between the Nuba people, who largely support SPLM-North, and the Sudanese armed forces have been going on for a month. Church groups have talked of “ethnic cleansing” of the Nuba, and US President Barack Obama has expressed his concern at the reports of attacks based on ethnicity.

President Bashir has said Islamic law will be strengthened across Sudan SPLM-North leader Malik Agar has warned that fighting in South Kordofan could spread to his area, Blue Nile state, and elsewhere. That’s not all. The civil war in Darfur, which broke out in 2003, is still not resolved. The government hopes to sign a deal with one rebel force, the Liberty and Justice Movement, sometime in July. But the LJM is not strong militarily. The rebels who count on the ground, forces lead by Abdel Wahid Mohamed el-Nur, Minni Minnawi and Khalil Ibrahim, are either not negotiating or are unlikely to sign the agreement.

Fighting flares up periodically, and vast areas of the remote region are extremely dangerous. Most experts believe there will never be a solution to Darfur’s problems until underlying issues of development and power relations are resolved. President Bashir is wanted by the International Criminal Court for alleged genocide committed in Darfur, which means the Western world ostracises him. The president, who has been in office since taking power in a coup in 1989, has said he will step down before the next elections, but not everyone is convinced. For the moment, he has already signalled his intention to move back to a pure form of Sharia or Islamic law. In the 1990s Khartoum hosted Osama Bin Laden, and a return to radicalism is the great fear of the West – and that of many Sudanese.

“They are trying to move back to a more radical way, but they won’t be able to do it,” says Hafiz Mohamed of Justice Africa, a campaigning group. “They are in a weaker position. In the 1990s they were able to rally people behind jihadism, but people are tired of war.” All the same, an external threat – whether it is northern rebels, the old foes in South Sudan, foreign intervention, or “enemies of Islam” – could well be used to unite Sudan during what will be a very tough period. But ultimately the lessons of South Sudan and Darfur are likely to hold true, whoever is in power.

If large areas of the country continue to feel marginalised, Sudan will never be at peace.

Contact Info For general lab inquiries please e-mail: Phone: 604.822.7220 Fax: 604.822.7232 E-mail: adele.diamond AT ubc.ca Address: Prof. Adele Diamond Canada Research Chair in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia () 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Room G842 Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1 Canada Local Affliations Fellow, (2009- ) Recognized as #13 among the 30 most influential neuroscientists in the world today (2014) (2004- ) Head,, Dept. Of Psychiatry, UBC (2008- ) Founding Fellow, (2006-) Member,,, Faculty Fellow, (2007-2009) Founding Member, (2010- ) Brief Biosketch Adele Diamond is the Canada Research Chair Professor of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.

She is a member of the Royal Society of Canada and was recently recognized as one the 15 most influential neuroscientists alive today. Diamond is at the forefront of research on ‘executive functions’ and on the brain’s prefrontal cortex on which they depend.

Executive functions include 'thinking outside the box' (cognitive flexibility), mentally relating ideas and facts (working memory), and giving considered responses rather than impulsive ones, resisting temptations and staying focused (inhibitory control, including selective attention). She has made discoveries that have improved treatment for two different medical disorders and discoveries that have impacted education, improving the lives of millions of children. Her work has shown that executive functions can be improved even in the very young. Adele Diamond was educated at Swarthmore (B.A., Phi Beta Kappa), Harvard (Ph.D.), and Yale Medical School (postdoc). Her many awards include an honorary doctorate ( Honoris Causa) from Ben-Gurion University, the Bronfenbrenner Award for Lifetime Contributions to Developmental Psychology in the Service of Science and Society, named a “Woman of Distinction” by the YWCA, and named one of the “2000 Outstanding Women of the 20th Century.” Research Interests Prof.

Diamond’s lab integrates developmental, cognitive science, neuroscience, and molecular genetic methods to study prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the most complex cognitive abilities ('executive functions' [EFs]) that rely on PFC and interrelated brain regions. EFs include being able to 'think outside the box' and see things from other perspectives (cognitive flexibility), mentally relating different ideas and facts to one another (working memory), and giving a considered response rather than an impulsive one, resisting temptations, and staying focused (inhibitory control, including selective attention). These abilities are crucial for problem-solving, creativity, and reasoning, and for success in all life's aspects. One goal of the lab is to examine fundamental questions about how PFC and EFs are influenced by biological factors (such as genes and neurochemistry) and by environmental factors (including detrimental influences such as poverty or stress and facilitative ones such as interventions).

For example, the lab examines ways in which unusual properties of the PFC dopamine system contribute to the exceptional sensitivity and vulnerability of PFC and EFs to environmental and genetic variations that have little effect elsewhere in the brain, and how at least some of these effects are different in men and women. One unusual aspect of the DA system in PFC is a relative dearth of DA transporter proteins, the best way for clearing away released DA. This has many interesting and practical consequences. One of those relates to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We predict, and are testing, that physicians prescribing the correct dose of psychostimulants for controlling hyperactivity in patients with ADHD are prescribing too high a dose for patients’ cognitive problems. Physicians decide on the optimal psychostimulant dose for a child with ADHD by asking the child’s parent how the child is doing on different doses. The parent bases his/her answer on the child’s behavior. Conexant Hsfi V90 V92 56k Pci Modem Driver here.

No one tests the child’s cognitive skills. Another goal of the lab is to find practical ways to help children develop healthy EFs, and thus to help more children thrive. We offer a markedly different perspective from mainstream education in hypothesizing that focusing exclusively on training cognitive skills is less efficient, and ultimately less successful, than also addressing youths’ emotional, social, and physical needs.

Our hypothesis is that besides training the skill(s) of interest, it’s important to support those skills by lessening things that impair them and enhancing things that support them. Researchers and educators tend to focus on one aspect of a person in isolation. For example, efforts to study or to improve cognitive skills (such as EFs) or academic performance are generally done ignoring whether participants are happy or sad, lonely or healthy. Yet sadness, stress, loneliness, or poor health causes one’s EF performance to be worse and works against efforts to improve EFs or academic outcomes.

Conversely, EFs are better when one feels emotionally and socially nourished and healthy. Social and/or emotional aspects of, or adjuncts to, a program to improve cognitive skills might be key to whether and/or how much that program succeeds.

We hope our research might fundamentally change the approach and underlying assumptions (i.e., shift the paradigm) of how to improve cognitive skills and how to educate children. We expect to show that focusing exclusively on training cognition might not be the best way to improve cognition; emotional and social factors might be key to whether cognition improves. Traditional activities that have been part of all cultures throughout time (e.g., dance, music-making, play and sports) address all these aspects of a person -- they challenge our EFs (requiring focus, concentration, and working memory), make us happy and proud, provide a sense of belonging, and help our bodies develop. Recently we have turned our attention to the possible roles of music, dance, storytelling, traditional martial arts, positive sports, yoga, mindfulness, and even circus for improving executive functions, academic outcomes and mental and physical health.

Significant Contributions 1. In the 1980s, Adele Diamond’s work opened up a new field of inquiry, Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, which marked a milestone in the integration of developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. Developmental psychologists and neuroscientists used to know little of one another’s work.

As a graduate student, Diamond realized that for 50 years developmental psychologists and neuroscientists had been using essentially the same behavioral task without knowing it. Developmental psychologists called it “A-not-B” and used it to study cognitive development in infants; neuroscientists called it “delayed response” and used it to study the functions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in monkeys. Building on that insight, she undertook a systematic program of research to chart the developmental progression of human infants on A-not-B and delayed response plus a transparent barrier task (to obtain converging evidence from a very different paradigm), the developmental progression of infant monkeys on the 3 tasks, the effect of lesions on adult monkeys' performance of those tasks, and the effect of lesions on infant monkeys' performance of the tasks (see Table below). Behavioral Tasks.